Major Points: - Define "behavior" - Bad ideas in study of behavior: Nature vs nurture, reinforcement "theory", universality - Proximate vs ultimate (evolutionary) causes for behaviors proximate = immediate stimuli, physiological and anatomical mechanisms ultimate = evolutionary significance of a behavior (why that behavior evolved) - Types of behavior: - fixed action pattern - taxis / kinesis - learned (habituation, imprinting, spatial, associative) - Classical vs Operant conditioning - Superstition = False signal still elicits a behavior, this makes sense evolutionarily, even though it seems dumb - Cognition seems to be somewhat rare - Behaviors influence fitness and are selected for (or against) by the environment like any other trait - Behavioral traits are rarely the result of a single gene though - How does the story of cuckoos depend on the evolutionary pressures on behaviors?